Make the book an inclined plane and use the pencil as a slider use your hand as a guide. Cam analysis machine tm1021 theory of machines tecquipment. The simulation analysis has been carried out using solidworks. Within certain limits any desired linearrocking motion. For this experiment rotate the system manually for taking reading, arrange the set up. Cam and follower systems are used in many common applications such as pumps and in the camshaft of an engine. The main objective of this paper is to study and experimentally quantify the cam and follower wear mechanisms of a diesel direct valvegear. Their purpose is to convert rotary motion into linear or rocking motion of the cam follower. Cam mechanisms are widely used because with them, different types of motion can be possible. Designers always expect the accuracy position of follower motion during all operating periods. Heres how the mechanism works the axle or shaft rotates, as does the cam which is attached to it. The scheme of cam follower me hafig 1 shows the scheme of a cam follower mechanism. Apr 25, 20 slider crank mechanism for demonstration and experimentation page 6 background the assembly of a piston, cylinder, connectingrod and crankshaft is the classic form of the.
Norton, design of machinery introduction to cam design. To study various type of cam and follower arrangements. To study various types of gear trains simple, compound, reverted, epicyclic and differential. Motion of the follower as the cam rotates the follower moves upward and downward. Applications and best practices for carter cam follower. Follower driven in a cam follower pair, the cam normally rotates while the follower may translate or oscillate. Sep 30, 2010 a fine pointed follower will more accurately trace the outline of the cam. Cams and followers introduction a simple experiment. Pdf lab manual of theory of machine irshad ahmad khan. The cam follower should be drawn up tightly endwise so the bearing endplate is securely backed up by the machine member.
The follower system revolves with respect to the center line of the vertical shaft. Me 4201 machine design lab section 3 group 4 experiment 4 cam follower experiment jordan gautreau khalil hamed dallas amond michael mannino abstract a cam follower system is a very simple mechanism used to control and convert one type of motion to another type of motion. A unified approach for the analytical design of threedimensional cam follower systems has been presented by dhande et. A cam a part of the cam follower mechanical system, which complex peripheral profile depends on follower movement rule is an important mechanism and used popular in automatic mechanical. Cam follower with a tapped hole for greasing model cft speci. To plot follower displacement vs cam rotation for various cam follower systems 19 22 7. Sagar institute of research and technology, bhopal experiment no. Slider crank mechanism for demonstration and experimentation. The follower arm swings or oscillates in a circular arc with respect to the follower pivot.
Cams and followers are easily changed and graphs for the variety of cams can be. As the cam rotates, the follower rises and falls in a process known as reciprocating motion. This content and associated text is in no way sponsored by or affiliated with any company, organization, or realworld good that it may purport to portray. May 01, 1996 traditionally, in a cam follower system, the cam is often operated at a constant speed and the motion characteristics of the follower are determined once the cam displacement curve is designed. Gravity keeps the follower in contact with the cam as it rotates, however the rod that is attached to the follower is constrained by the bearing, so it can only move up and down. Cams theory of machines engineering reference with worked. Introduction of cams and types of cam and followers.
Definition, types, working principle, and applications pdf. Camfollower report final me 4201 machine design lab. An experimental study of the effects of cam speeds on cam. Dec 11, 2019 cam and follower the cam and the follower have a line contact and constitute a higher pair. Here, the follower moves in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the camshaft. Complex load parameters of oscillating follower cam mechanisms can be provided by this. By employing the concept of equivalent linkage, this paper presents an analytical method for analyzing the mechanical errors of disk cam mechanisms with a flatfaced follower. A high voltage stylus pen attached to the follower traces the follower lift on teledeltos paper mounted on a drum. Mechanical error analysis of disk cam mechanisms with a flat. The cam follower is might be gravity type or spring loaded. An experimental study of the effects of cam speeds on camfollower systems. A screwdriver slot is provided at the flanged end of the stud for the purpose of preventing the stud from turning when the nut is. Influence of varying cam profile and follower motion event. No date name of the experiment staff signature remarks introduction 1 force and stress analysis using four link elements.
Depending upon the accuracy the cam follower are selected and according to speed variation. A cam is a mechanical device used to transmit motion to a follower by direct contact. Pdf analytic analysis of a cam mechanism researchgate. They have presented al generalized expressions for equations of the conjugate profile, the pressure angle and the locations of the cutter. A cam follower, also known as a track follower, is a specialized type of roller or needle bearing designed to follow cam lobe profiles. Nov 11, 2012 the roller follower has the advantage that the sliding motion between cam and follower is largely replaced by a rolling motion. As the cam turns it has a tendency to push the cam follower to one side. The cam follower pair is a very complex lubricated contact because its continuous variation of load, speed and radius of curvature. A cam is a rotating or sliding piece in a mechanical linkage used especially in transforming. The cam analysis machine cam has been designed to enable students. When rolling on a surface, cam and follower pair, tooth gears, ball and roller. Pdf an experimental study of diesel engine cam and follower. Department of mechanical engineering varuvan vadivelan institute of technology, dharmapuri 636 703 page 6. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate tappet motion for several different cam profiles and the effect of using different followers.
However, the manufacturing of cams is expensive and the wear effect due to the. The cad files and renderings posted to this website are created, uploaded and managed by thirdparty community members. Then, a new threemass, twodegreeoffreedom dynamic model was created. A cam and follower mechanism is a profiled shape mounted. The cam follower is used in a wide range of applications such as cam mechanisms of automatic machines, dedicated machines as well as carrier systems, conveyors, bookbinding machines, tool changers of machining centers, pallet changers, automatic coating machines, and sliding forks of. Mechanical engineering, theory of machines tagged with. A cam is a mechanical member for transmitting a desired motion to a follower by direct contact.
The most commonly used cam is the cam plate also known as disc cam or radial cam which is cut out of a piece of flat metal or plate. The material in this ebook also appears in the print version of this title. The greatest distance or angle through which the follower moves or rotates 25. Cams cam a mechanical device used to transmit motion to a follower by direct contact. Pdf an experimental study of diesel engine cam and. Animation showing the displacement and velocity plot of the radial offset follower. A cam profile design of a circuit breaker by using multibody. A1926 basically the same as the popular type cam follower, this model is provided with tapped holes for piping on the stud head and the thread. Grewal and newcombe 1988 investigated the highspeed performance of various cam profiles for highspeed flexible cam follower systems taking into account the effects of cam profile errors. Application of cam and follower types of cams types of cam followers concept and definition. Cam are mounted on the end of a shaft driven by a variable speed motor. Simulation of cam and follower mechanism using mat lab. The angular position of the cam is shown on a protractor and a pointer.
To study various types of gears helical, cross helical worm, bevel gear. Angle of cam rotation curve for different cam follower pairs. The selection of springs, followers and cams allow for a wide range of investigations. Harmonic, transient and spectrum analysis of simple systems. The rise is the motion of the follower away from the cam center, dwell is the motion where the. Rotating or sliding component that transmits variable motion to a follower for the part of an engine sometimes referred. Experimental and simulation results of a cam and a flat.
Experimental and simulation results of a cam and a flatfaced. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. These add to the mass of the follower and vertical shaft pushing the follower onto the cam face. A cam follower system is a very simple mechanism that is used for control and conversion of one type of motion. Explain what a cam is, how it is used, and the typical types of cams identify force closed and form closed followers and explain the benefits and limitations of each describe the primary types of cam motion programs introduction to cam design source. Experimental set with eccentric cam and flat face follower, spanner, tachometer and motor drive. Bench mounted apparatus and control and instrumentation unit, for studying the dynamic behaviour of different cams and followers and their bounce speed.
The xo plot can be used to find out the velocity and acceleration of the follower system. Cams and followers are easily changed and graphs for the variety of cams can be created to compare the linear change with the rise and fall of the follower. The cam can be a simple tooth, as is used to deliver pulses of power to a steam hammer, for example, or an eccentric disc or other shape that produces a smooth reciprocating back and forth motion in the follower, which is a lever making contact with the cam. The accuracy of the output or the follower will depend on the cam and follower being in contact at all times. The apparatus used is the cam and tappet apparatus with roller, domed and flat followers equipped with dial indicator. In a cam follower pair, the cam normally rotates while the follower may translate or oscillate. Experimental study of engine cam followers enrico ciulli 1, bruno piccigallo 2, dagoberto vela 1department of mechanical, nuclear and manufacturing engineering, university of pisa, italy email. Cam and follower bearing are that they always distribute evenly, regardless of the configuration of the unit. A circle drawn from the cam center and passes through the pitch point is called pitch circle stroke. Cam and follower the linear cam moves backwards and forwards in a reciprocating motion.
The analysis process also focus on the jump force of follower, that effect of vibration factor in cam mechanism system. During analysis data will be process, high speed will be select from the types of speed of cam in follower system. Nov 25, 2014 the cam follower is supported by a rigid frame which controls the motion and keep safe the device from irregular motions and damage. It was concluded that the simple harmonic, 345 polynomial and modified sine cam profiles have superior. Impact and friction are considered to determine the lyapunov exponent based on different follower guides clearances and cam rotational speeds. This has the end result of converting rotation to linear motion. Take a pencil and a book to do an experiment as shown above. A set of cams are supplied as standard along with a set of followers which run on the perimeter of each cam. Cam followers come in a vast array of different configurations, however the most defining characteristic is how the cam follower mounts to its mating part. Experimental verification are necessary but very difficult to perform. Note that sliding is not entirely eliminated since the inertia of the roller prevents it from responding instantaneously to the change of angular velocity required by the varying peripheral speed of the cam. Example of cam action concept and definition of cam. Cams theory of machines engineering reference with.
After the model was validated, a controlled impact and overtravel mechanism was designed, manufactured, and assembled to a simplified industrial cam follower system, the cam dynamic test machine cdtm. Radial cams are very popular due to their simplicity and. Several linkages are moved by camfollower mechanism. Department of mechanical engineering varuvan vadivelan institute of technology, dharmapuri 636 703 page 4 8. To overcome this a separate cam follower and push rod can be used as in this mechanism. Make getting into college easier with the checklist program. In future, the analytical results will be complemented by experiment. The exact profile of the cam can be obtained by taking observations. Cam mechanisms are used in many modern machines, including weaving looms, precision measurement instruments, automatic machine tools, automobile engines, and so on.
Overview cam follower automaton adafruit learning system. The coordinates of the visualized cam contour coordinates can be used in the cnc milling machine for the production of the real cam. A wide range of linear motions is available from cams and followers. Consider an eccentric cam with flat face follower as shown in figure, let, ydistance covered by follower at cam rotation velocity of follower acceleration of follower m mass of the follower. Cam follower can absorb more shock than normal and can reduce distortion. The geometry of the cam profile is based on the type of motion of the cam and the type of the follower. Design of cam and follower system using basic and synthetic. Cams are used to convert rotary to linear reciprocating motion. In radial cams, the follower reciprocates or translates in a direction perpendicular to the cam axis.
Pdf cam mechanisms are integral parts of many products. In mechanical engineering, engineers often use a higher pair links mechanism. Cam and follower free download as powerpoint presentation. Sep 07, 2017 the dynamic analysis has been done by simulating the follower displacement at a uniform cam angular velocity. Title to study various types of cam and follower arrangements. Mechanical error analysis of disk cam mechanisms with a. A project report on cam follower utility in internal. A cam is a mechanical member used to impart desired motion to a follower by direct contact. Applications and best practices for carter cam follower bearings. Students may also add different masses included to alter the mass of the follower and thus the force applied to the cam. This more accurate movement is at the expense of the strength of the cam follower. Radial cam and follower experiment pdf squarespace. When you move the book smoothly upward, what happens to the pencil. Several key terms are relevant in such a construction of plate cams.
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